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ObjectiveTo investigate the iodine nutritional status of residents in Shanxi province,and to provide a scientific basis for adjustment of control strategies and measures to iodine deficiency disorders (IDD).MethodsIn the 11 cities and 119 counties(cities,districts),except high water iodine townships,9 townships were selected in each county according to their sub-area positions of east,west,south,north and center,4 villages were sampled in each chosen township,and 8 households were selected in each chosen village in every chosen county (cities,districts ) with 9 or more townships.In every chosen county (cities,districts) with 6 to 9 townships,1 township was selected respectively in east,west,south,north and center sub-areas of the township,4 villages were sampled in each chosen township,and 15 households were selected in each chosen village.In the county (cities,districts) with 5 or less townships,all township were selected,4 villages were sampled in each chosen township,and 15 households were selected in each chosen village.Edible salt samples from these households were collected; iodized salt was determined by direct titration.In the 119 counties(cities,districts),1 township was selected,respectively,in east,west,south,north and center sub-areas in each county,and 20 children aged 8 - 10 in each of the selected townships were selected to collect urine samples and urinary iodine was determined by As-Ce catalytic spectrophotometry.Evaluation criteria:median urinary iodine ＜ 100 μg/L was iodine deficiency,100 - 199 μg/L as appropriate,200 - 299 μg/L as more than appropriate,and ≥ 300 μg/L as iodine excess.ResultsMedian iodine of the 34 808 household salt samples was 31.55 mg/kg.The coverage rate of qualified iodized salt was 99.18％(34 521/34 808) and the consumption rate of qualified iodized salt was 97.12％(33 805/ 34 808).In the 11 cities,119 counties(cities,districts),the median of urinary iodine of 11 967 children aged 8 -10 was 244.0 μg/L,of which ＜ 50 μg/L acoounted for 2.6％(312/11 967),50 - 99 μg/L accounted for 6.9％(823/11 967),100- 199 μg/L accounted for 26.3％(3145/11 967),200 - 299 μg/L accounted for 28.7％(3440/11 967),and 300 μg/L or higher accounted for 35.5％(4247/11 967).The medians of urinary iodine in the 9 municipal cities were 200 - 300 μg/L,and other 2 cities were 300 - 400 μg/L At the county level,the medians urinary iodine of children of the 119 counties(cities,districts) were 100 - 199 μg/L that accounted for 15.1％(18/119),200 - 299 μg/L accounted for 63.9％(76/119),and 300 μg/L or higher accounted for 21％(25/119).Conclusions The iodine nutrition level of residents in Shanxi province is more than appropriate.The salt iodine concentration in Shanxi province needs to be reduced,but the space is not wide.
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Objective To explore into the condition of fluoride content of the drinking water and the present status of water-improving projects in the endemic fluomsis areas in Shanxi province,and to provide the evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control.Methods In 2007,according to "The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control",screening for drinking water fluoride content was carried out in non-improving water villages of 15 counties(cities,districts).The investigation of all water-improving projects was carried out in 10 counties(cities).The fluoride content in drinking water was determined by fluoride selective ion electrode(GB/T 8538-1995).Results Screening for drinking water fluoride content was carried out in 969 non-improving water villages in 15 counties(cities,districts).Average water fluoride content was≤1.0 mg/L in 497 villages,accounting for 51.29%(497/969).Average water fluoride content was>1.0 mg/L in 472 villages.accounting for 48.71%(472/969).The overall standard drinking water fluoride content was mainlv>1.0-4.0mg/L,and the maximum average water fluoride content was 8.96 mg/L.The investigation of 290 water-improving projects was carried out in 10 counties(cities).Among 290 water-improving projects 213 water-improving projects were running normally,accounting for 73.45%(213/290);77 water-improving projects were running abnormally,accounting for 26.55%(77/290).Water fluoride content was≤1.0 mg/L in 158 projects,accounting for 54.48%(158/290).Water fluoride content was>1.0 mg/L in 132 projects,accounting for 45.52%(132/290).The maximal water fluoride content was 5.20 mg/L.Conclusions The situation of drinking water fluoride content over the national standard is serious in Shanxi province.The qualification rate was lower for the fluoride content of water-improving projects.Therefore,we should strength water-improving projects to raise the effectiveness of prevention and treatment and assure their quality.
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Objective To investigate the current situation and variation in the tendency of Kaschin-Beck disease (KBD) in Shanxi province, to assess the effectiveness of prevention measures, and to provide evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control of the disease. Methods In 2008, according to "The National Technical Scheme for Kaschin-Beck Disease Control in 2007", children aged 7 - 12 years underwent clinical and X-ray examination in two historical severe KBD areas of Shanxi province, the observed position on Xray film was finger bone and carpal bone. Adults aged 16 years and above were clinically examined in 50 villages of 13 counties of KBD areas, Shanxi province. The diagnosis was based on "Diagnostic Standard of Kashin-Beck Disease"(GB 16003-1995), the adult patients were degreed according to the state of illness and divided into different groups according to their ages. Results A total of 181 children were examined, none of them was diagnosed as clinical KBD patient. The positive cases of X-ray were 2, X-ray detectable rate of metaphysis was 1.1% for children.In the 50 villages 13 871 of adults were examined and 801 KBD patients were found and the detectable rate was 5.77%. The detectable rate increased with age. The adult patients distributed mainly in the subpopulation aged 51years and above and these patients accounted for 70.66% (566/801) of total people examined. Degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients at these ages accounted for 71.78%(206/287) of total degrees Ⅱ and Ⅲ patients. Conclusions The state of child KBD in Shanxi is under the national control standards. The detectable rate of adult KBD is higher. Relevant departments should pay close attention to the treatment of adult patients.
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Objective To become aware of the present distribution of drinking water source with high fluoride in endemic fluorosis disease areas in Shanxi Province, and to provide the evidence for making scientific and effective tactics in prevention and control. Methods According to "The National Technical Scheme for Endemic Disease Control" in the year 2004 to 2006, the investigation points were selected in 60 counties at 8 cities of Shanxi Province. The fluoride levels of water were determined by fluoride selective ion electrode. Results The fluoride content of water was determined in 2990 villages in 60 counties. Water fluorides content of 1658 villages were above 1.00 mg/L, accounted for 55.45%(1658/2990). The highest water fluoride content was 9.72 mg/L. Villages with high fluoride water in Taiyuan, Datong, Xinding, Linfen, Yuncheng basins accounted for 89.63% (1486/1658) among villages with high fluoride in Shanxi Province. In Shanxi Province the villages with high fluoride water were mainly distributed over 5 basins and scattered on the other areas. The distribution of drinking water source with high fluoride were different in 5 basins(H=316.10, P<0.05). The Water fluorides content in Datong basin(2.32 mg/L) was significantly higher than that of the other basins (P<0.05) and the ratio of drinking water fluoride levels under the national standard was 81.16%(336/414) in Datong basin. Conclusions Drinking water source with high fluoride are widespread distributed in Shanxi Province and mainly distributed in 5 basins. The situation of drinking water fluoride levels under the national standard is serious. The task of prevention and control for endemic fluorosis is still arduous. Therefore, we should strength water improving to raise the effect of prevention and treatment.
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To explore the absorption mechanism of paeonol-beta-CD from various intestinal segments and offer biopharmaceutics data for paeonol new dosage form. The absorption kinetics and permeability rate consatants were investigated by the in situ perfusing method in rats. The absorption of the drug conforms to the firt-order kinetics and passive transport mechanism . The results indicate that paeonol-beta-CD absorption mechanism wasn't change.
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Animals , Male , Rats , Acetophenones , Pharmacokinetics , Intestinal Absorption , Physiology , Intestines , Metabolism , Kinetics , Rats, Sprague-DawleyABSTRACT
<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To explore the level and feature of neonate deformity in water arsenic exposure areas, as to finding out an evidence for the study and prevention of the arsenic exposure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The birth situation of neonate was surveyed from 1998 to 2004 in water arsenic exposure areas according to cross-sectional survey. The results were classified in accordance with ICD-10 and common surveillance of china. The population of Shanyin County served as the common people and the data were analyzed by SPSS 11.5 for windows.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The neonates surveyed were 2467 cases. There were 49 neonates deformity found in this investigation, giving a neonate deformity rate of 198.62 per 10,000 cases, which was shown significantly higher in water arsenic exposure areas than in the normal (U = 3.23, P < 0.01), with types of nervous system deformity, limbs deformity and congenital heart disease as in system classification. There was no significant difference of deformity rate in different sex neonates (chi2 = 0.32, P > 0.05).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The drinking high-arsenic water over a long period of time should be a risk factor of neonate deformity. Prevention and treatment of endemic arsenic exposure should be urgently needed.</p>